Keeping a diary is very personal. It is some place to write your innermost thoughts and feelings where no one will see them. A diary can also be a record of your memories. I kept diaries off and on for a few years - I think I received my first diary as a Christmas present from Santa! I seemed to start off writing daily then gradually would fade out. I understand the thoughts and emotions involved. So I had to give a lot of thought to whether I should include my mother's diaries in my family history blog. Her 1941 diary is about 80 years old. I decided that the diary presents the life of an average young person in those momentous times. It also provides insight into my family. I started writing this blog to share the history that I knew about my family - I thought that there was some information I had that no one else may have known - or rather that no one alive now knew. I also wanted to include the research I did in learning some of the family information. But then as I went along, I wanted to learn what was going on with my family in relation to the world in general.
I went through the diary. I decided that if it was my diary, I might feel a little squeamish at times, but I would include it in my blog.
So, Mum, I hope you don't mind!
1941 started on a Wednesday - the temperature high was 39 degrees - the low was 28. My mother, Ellen Keohane, was 20 years old. She started the year off with this entry: "Today is the Birthday of 1941. 2:10 pm - Celebrated New Year's Eve last night - I went to the show up at the Embassy with Arthur Carroll. After the show we went to Candyland and had ice cream sodas. We left there about twelve and heard everybody greeting the new year. It was a swell night & we walked down Main St. instead of standing waiting for the bus. - Swell time. Got home about one.
"This afternoon Madeline (Vaughan) & I went for a walk, came home, had supper, & fed a piece of mince pie to Hannie. Went up to Madeline's after supper. Very exciting."
We saw earlier that Madeline Vaughan was one of my mother's best friends. Hannie we know was my mother's younger sister.
The website - http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/9837 - reports that the Embassy Theatre in Waltham:
"Opened on April 9, 1928, this was advertised as ‘Waltham’s Wonder Theatre.’ Located on Moody Street across the street from Grover Cronin, the Embassy Theatre was the city’s favorite show palace. It was closed May 7, 1972 and was torn down in October 1972."
Thursday, January 2. "Work again today and I wanted to sleep. Hazel gave us the pictures we took up at her house Monday night. Came out good.
Tonight Hannie & I went down the square, cashed my check, had a soda, went to the library & came home. How thrilling!"
Peggie's Store is listed in the 1939 Watertown Directory down on the bottom left as a Variety Store at 315 Main Street.
315 Main Street is the red icon before Waverley Avenue - Guy's hair salon is in a newer block at 311 so 315 must have been in that area - I seem to remember that there were houses there when I was in school. Green Street where my mother was living was just a few blocks away on the opposite side of the street.
The red icon below shows 65 Riverside Street - it is near the back entry for Perkins School for the Blind where I worked in the library when I was in high school and where my daughter Mairead is currently working.
Again some of the other names on Cuba Street are familiar even though the census is over 80 years old - Colella, Tiberio, and especially fireman Thomas Maloney.
Page 2 of the draft registration reported that Harold was of white race, 5'7" and 175 lbs. He had hazel eyes, brown hair, and a light complexion. He had no distinguishing marks.
Saturday, January 4. "Slept until 10:30 this morning. Went in town (into Boston) this afternoon & bought a blouse."
Sunday, January 5. Madeline, Annie, Mary Blackburn, Hannie and I took pictures this afternoon in the snow & then came in & listened to the Shadow.
Jim brought Bertha down tonight & we listened to the radio, played the piano, played games, made fudge.
It is now 11:15 & time for all good little girls to be in bed so - good night."
My mother took piano lessons - did Jim? Did Aunt Hannah Keohane buy them a piano? I seem to remember that Ma had to scrounge around to pay for the piano lessons - she didn't have the money.
""The Shadow" was one of the most popular radio shows in history. The show went on the air in August of 1930.
This picture is taken from the Pleasant Street side - you can just barely see the old St Pat's Grammar School on the right. I think the gray house may be #33, but the yellow house beside it is #31. So #29 may be the other side of #31 or may be the next yellow house seen in the picture below.
Monday, January 6 "Benny & Jim gave me a ride to school tonight - I was almost the first one there. I had to walk home & I almost froze."
In his Annual Message to Congress (State of the Union Address) on January 6, 1941, Franklin Roosevelt presented his reasons for American involvement, making the case for continued aid to Great Britain and greater production of war industries at home. In helping Britain, President Roosevelt stated, the United States was fighting for the universal freedoms that all people possessed." These four freedoms were: the freedom of speech, the freedom of worship, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear.
"As America entered the war these 'four freedoms' ... symbolized America's war aims and gave hope in the following years to a war-wearied people because they knew they were fighting for freedom."
I remember years ago 4 large posters - each with one Freedom written on it - hanging in Northeast Savings Bank on the corner of Church Street and Main Street - opposite the Armenian Museum. I never knew much about them at the time, but they made an impression on me. Northeast Savings Bank has gone through many transformations in the years since then - is it now Bank of America?
Tuesday, January 7. "Madeline & I went to the show up at the Paramount & saw "Hullabaloo" & "The Letter." They were both good."The Paramount Theatre in Newton Corner was opened in 1922 and seated over 1200 guests. Apparently from comments that I have read, it was quite opulent for a movie theater. I remember seeing Young Frankenstein there on a date with Jerry O'Connor of Reading in the 1970s - I had met him in Bermuda on college break. At that time the Paramount was past its peak. It was demolished in the 1980s.
Older picture of Newton Corner long before the Mass Pike tore it apart. The Paramount would have been to the left.
According to IMDb (Internet Movie Database), Hullabaloo was a 1940 musical comedy. "In this musical, former vaudevillian Frank Merriweather (Frank Morgan - who also played the Wizard of Oz) manages to get a job on a radio show, doing all 20 voices in a program about a Martian invasion. But his act is so convincing, it starts a panic and gets him fired. Meanwhile, Frank's three ex-wives show up with their grown children and try to set him up for marriage. Frank bonds with daughter Laura (Virginia Grey) and somehow gets his radio show back. Still, he must figure out how to keep an important sponsor on board."
So who was this Arthur Carroll? When I checked yearbooks on the Watertown Free Public Library website for 1936-1939, I found a couple of Carroll girls, but I couldn't find Arthur listed. I also couldn't find any Watertown census records for him on www.ancestry.com.
But on www.ancestry.com, I did find an Arthur Carroll in the 1936 Newton High School Yearbook - he is the 4th down on the right. The yearbook blurb states "Arthur Carroll, 170 Cherry Street, West Newton. 'I am as solemn as a judge.' Hacker, Academic, Warren." Nice looking fellow if this is him.
The 1930 Census shows that the family is renting 170 Cherry Street in West Newton for $35/month, and they have a radio. Arthur is now 11 - Paul is 8 - they both attend school. Dorothy is 10 months old. I presume these are Arthur's brother and sister - all three are listed as "relative" instead of son or daughter - rather odd!
I couldn't find the Carrolls in the 1940 US Census, but I did find a 1940 Newton Street Directory. Gertrude was listed as the widow of John A Carroll with a house at 170 Cherry Street, West Newton. (The 1938 Newtown Street Directory listed John A Carroll dying November 21, 1936 - before Arthur's high school graduation.)
This information sounds like it would fit the Arthur Carroll from the yearbook, so did he join the Infantry from the National Guard? Is that how it worked?
Below is a Google map street view of 1-3 Main Street in Watertown where Whitney's used to be at the corner of Main and Mount Auburn Streets - #1 was where HR Block is and #3 is where the chiropractic center is - so Whitney's must have been a good size shop.
Friday, January 10. "Hannie & I went to a basketball game & dance. The game was swell but St. Pat's lost. I danced with Roger & Archie Hayes. Thrill, thrill. We went down to Mom's & had sodas after."
I didn't find any Archie Hayes on www.ancestry.com in the census, street directories, or WWII draft registrations. I'm not sure if Roger was Roger Hayes, but I didn't find anything for him either.
I did find a listing for Mom's Donut Shoppe at 65 Main Street in Watertown.
Mom's Donut Shoppe was located on Main Street where the Armenian Museum is now. The red awning in the picture below has 65 Main Street written on it. I was into this museum only once. I had worked as a visiting nurse in East Watertown in 1979/80 and visited many Armenian patients. One of my co-workers was Armenian, and she gave me a book about the Armenian Genocide - it was devastating. When the museum opened, I had to visit. Talking about it makes me want to go back.
Saturday, January 11. "Dentist - Ow-w-w. Hannie washed the floor & I waxed it and then we made some fudge."
I wonder how they made fudge? When I was young, we followed the direction on the Hershey Cocoa box. We loved the remains in the sauce pan and would scrap it clean.
Also on January 11, Adolf Hitler ordered forces to be prepared to enter North Africa to assist the Italian effort, marking the establishment of the Afrika Korps.
Sunday, January 12. "Madeline & I went up to Mary Kavanaugh's. Talked all afternoon and then had a soda in Whitneys.
Sunday night about 7:34 Arthur Carroll came. He stayed till about 8:30 & then I walked down to the bus with him because he had to be back in the Armory at 9:15.
Went up to Peggie's & met Hannie & Annie.
Annie had all her top teeth out."
So I looked up Kavanaughs in the 1940 US Census on www.ancestry.com and found one family in Watertown who owned a house at 9 Patten Street that was worth $3500. 52 year old James Kavanaugh immigrated from Northern Ireland. The family lived in the same house in 1935. James was an operator for the street railway and made $2000 in 1939 - he had no other income. His 52 year old wife Agnes was also from Northern Ireland. Their daughter Mary was 19 and had completed 4 years of high school - she was not looking for work as she was attending school. 47 year old Annie Brown - James Kavanaugh's sister-in-law - also was born in Northern Ireland, lived in the same house in 1935, and was a waitress in a private school - she made $500 in 1939.
I'm not sure if this was our Mary Kavanaugh in the 1940 census - I couldn't find her in a Watertown High School year book. But there was a listing in the 1942 Watertown Street Directory for Mary E Kavanaugh, clerk, living at 9 Patten Street. There was also a listing for James (Agnes) Kavanaugh - he was an operator for the Boston Elevated Railway - they lived at 9 Patten Street also.
Does 9 Patten Street sound familiar to you? We recently saw Madeline Vaughan's brother Herbert moving there. It is the red icon toward the bottom - Patten St runs from Mt Auburn Street to Arsenal Street.
The white house in the middle is #9.
We saw that at some point after 1942 Herbert Vaughan had moved to 9 Patten Street - he was still listed on Edenfield Ave in the 1942 Watertown Street Directory. So what is up with Herbert and the Kavanaughs?
Monday, January 13. "Work - School."
Tuesday, January 14. "Boy was it cold this morning. I almost froze going to work. It was below zero. Went up to Madeline's tonight for a while, came home, wrote a letter to Eddie."
Who is this Eddie that my mother is writing to? Eddie Storer who we saw enlisted in the Navy in 1940?
Wednesday, January 15. "Arthur Carrol came down & we went to the show & saw two swell pictures. We stood on the steps and gabbed until Hannie came in. It was his last night home so he told me he'd write, etc. He left Thurs. morning with the National Guard for Camp Edwards. He asked me to write to him. I didn't commit myself.
"He calls me Ellie. Swell time."
Why didn't my mother commit herself to write to Arthur Carroll - this guy she went to a military ball with and who is in the National Guard? She is writing to Eddie - why not to Arthur?
Wikipedia explains that "The National Guard is part of the reserve components of the United States Army and the United States Air Force. It is a military reserve force composed of National Guard military members or units of each state and the territories of Guam, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia, for a total of 54 separate organizations ... The majority of National Guard soldiers and airmen hold a civilian job full-time while serving part-time as a National Guard member."
The history of Camp Edwards is interesting - partly because my aunt Hannie was a telephone operator there during WWII - partly because I am living on the Cape. It is on the National Guard website - https://www.massnationalguard.org/index.php/history/camp-edwards-history.html.
"The history of Massachusetts National Guard training on Upper Cape Cod extends back to 1908, when Soldiers conducted weekend and annual training in the woods to the south and west of the present-day Massachusetts Military Reservation. In 1931, the adjutant general of Massachusetts appointed a board of six Army National Guard officers to find a new campsite, as Camp Devens was deemed too small for required training. In 1933, Cape Cod was initially identified as a viable area for the new camp, to mixed reaction from the local communities. Feasibility assessments, and letters for and against the proposed military reservation, continued to be presented to the commonwealth and the War Department through April 1935, when then Gov. James Curley signed a bill to appropriate funds for the purchase of a campsite and to establish a Military Reservation Commission. In September of that year, the War Department approved acquisition (purchase or lease) of up to 200,000 acres of land on Cape Cod for military training.
"As early as the summer of 1936, Massachusetts National Guard units began formal training at the new camp, setting up large tent camps just north of the proposed cantonment area. The troops at that time were generally poorly equipped, often wearing World War I uniforms and using wooden guns or Enfield rifles for training exercises ...
"Between 1935 and 1940, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the federal government, primarily using Works Project Administration funds, constructed 63 buildings and two, 500-foot wide turf runways at Otis Field.
"The initial construction effort at the Massachusetts Military Reservation represented the largest WPA project in the state, employing more than 600 workmen. By early 1938, the basic structure of the cantonment area was laid out and commemorative names were assigned for most major roads and landscape features. In July 1938, then Gov. Charles Hurley dedicated Camp Edwards, naming it in honor of Maj. Gen. Clarence Edwards, former commander of the 26th "Yankee" Division. Otis Field was named after 1st Lt. Frank J Otis, 26th 'Yankee' Division Aviation, killed while on a cross-country flight.
"In 1940, the U.S. Army leased Camp Edwards and undertook a major World War II mobilization construction program.
"Much of the construction effort was completed under the command of Maj. Thomas Waters of the 68th Regiment, the first commander of Camp Edwards. The Walsh Construction Company of New York was contracted to construct the initial 1,300 buildings in the cantonment area - with the goal being to provide housing and facilities for 30,000 men by January of 1941 when the 26th 'Yankee' Division was scheduled to enter Camp Edwards to start a year of training.
"A railroad spur was built at Sagamore and a constant procession of trucks transporting material to the building site began. (The railroad track is still there.) The peak of construction occurred in November 1940, with 18,343 employees working three shifts, a weekly payroll in excess of one million dollars, and completion of 30 buildings a day. The project was completed in a mere 125 days between September 1940 and January 1941, and served as the national prototype for other camps built using the 700 series drawings.
"In January 1941, the 26th "Yankee" Division, comprised almost entirely of Massachusetts National Guardsmen, was federalized for a year of service and entered Camp Edwards as the first Soldiers to train at the camp proper and live in the new barracks. In February and March 1941, selectees from New York and across New England filled in the ranks of the division, bringing the cantonment area close to its capacity of 30,000 Soldiers."
"Between April and November of 1941, the 26th Division left Camp Edwards to participate in the Carolina Maneuvers and the Coastal Patrol, while other National Guard and Army Divisions came to train at Camp Edwards. The 26th Division returned to Camp Edwards on December 6, 1941, with the expectation of completing their year of service within the month. The bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States, resulted in extension of federal service for all of the Division through 1944."
So if Arthur Carroll's National Guard Unit was part of the Yankee Division that explains why he was federalized and headed for Camp Edwards. Thus his enlistment on January 16, 1941. The 26th Infantry Division or the Yankee Division was an infantry division of the US Army and was based in Boston. He must have gone to that Carolina Maneuvers and Coastal Patrol in April. Then in December his enlistment was extended I guess to 1944.
Enfield rifles were made in Enfield, England in the 1850s. There were newer models and newer guns in 1936 when National Guard training started at Camp Edwards which is why it states above that the Guard was ill equipped using wooden and Enfield guns. I remember that these guns were considered outdated when the Irish were fighting the British for their freedom back after the Easter Uprising in 1916. The website -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYbfUufa350 - shows how to load and shoot an Enfield rifle.
I found another entry for Arthur Carroll on www.ancestry.com - it sounds like our Arthur. It is a notation - not a record of his discharge from the Army. He was admitted to an Army hospital in September 1944 for a hand grenade fragment in his shoulder that he received in the line of duty - he was treated with penicillin therapy - then discharged in November 1944. He served for 3 years and 7 months.
I also found a WWII draft registration for Arthur.
Arthur John Carroll lived at 170 Cherry Street in West Newton. He was 27 years old - he was born July 20, 1918 in Waltham. He is a US citizen. Mrs. Charles J Brooks of 170 Cherry Street, West Newton will always know his address. No employer is listed,
Page 2 of the WWII draft registration reports that Arthur was white, 5'7" - 155 lbs - blue eyes -brown hair - light complexion - small circular scar on right side of head - shrapnel wound right shoulder. He registered at Local Board No. 112, Newton, Mass on September 14, 1945.
The last entry I have for Arthur Carroll is from the 1957 Newton Street directory - he is listed as Arthur J Carroll 170 Cherry Street, West Newton - no occupation listed. I wonder if my mother ever saw him after his discharge from the Army?
Thursday, January 16. "Skipped school. Hannie & I went down the square."
"The 99th Pursuit Squadron trained at the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama, where there was an airfield and a civilian pilot training program. Soon, “Tuskegee Airmen” became the nickname for the World War II Army Air Forces units that were made up predominantly of African American pilots and maintenance crews.
"From 1941 to 1946, hundreds of African Americans successfully trained as pilots at the Tuskegee Institute, serving with distinction throughout the war. They flew 1578 combat missions and earned three Distinguished Unit Citations, at least one Silver Star, and 96 Distinguished Flying Crosses. However, they were fighting for freedom on two fronts: against Nazism in Europe and against discrimination at home in the United States.
"From the beginning of the war, African Americans serving in the Armed Forces were segregated into all-black units and limited in the types of positions they could hold. To allow for the creation of the 99th Pursuit Squadron and similar units, Congress had passed legislation in 1939 expanding the Army Air Corps (the precursor to today’s Air Force). Among the act’s provisions was the creation of training programs located at historically black colleges to prepare African Americans for Air Corps service. It wasn’t until after the war that President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981 in 1948, leading to the desegregation of the United States military.
"On March 29, 2007, these pilots received the Congressional Gold Medal from President George W. Bush for their commitment and service to the nation."
"Swell time.
"P.S. We got a a T stamped on our hand with purple ink. It was supposed to be a check - to prevent people from crashing."
The website - https://www.hoveyplayers.com/our-history - explains that:
"Hamblin Levi Hovey was born June 17, 1838. When six months old, his father died, and with his mother he went to East Ware, MA to live with her parents. He lived there with them until he was ten years old, when his mother married Mr. Emerson, and with her he removed to Gilmanton, N.H., where he lived until he was fifteen. He then went to live with his Uncle Daniel Gove Currier in Waltham, Mass., where he attended the high school. He became a clerk in his uncle’s retail clothing store and subsequently with Bean & Clayton and later with H. W. Smith, Dock Square, in Boston ...
"In 1861 he enlisted in Company M., of the First regiment of Massachusetts cavalry, and went with the regiment to Hilton Head, S.C. When he returned to Waltham in October 1867, he entered the office of J. W. Parmenter, coal, wood and brick dealer.
He married Harriet Adelaide, daughter of his employer Jonas Willis Parmenter and Harriet (Kingsbury) Parmenter June 3, 1868, in Waltham. He died suddenly, May 12, 1904.
In 1935, the Parmenter family commissioned several buildings. Two were named in honor of Hamblin Hovey. One was a 1300 seat auditorium christened the Hovey Memorial Building. The second was Hovey Hall, a smaller dance hall. Hovey Hall is long gone. The Hall consisted of a fully functional stage, a flat orchestra area which could accommodate 25 large round tables or 500 auditorium style seats. The orchestra was surrounded on three sides by a balcony seating an additional 750 or more seats. The orchestra was often used for performance and as an arena for boxing events."
My Mike used to go to wrestling matches at Hovey Memorial in the 1990s.
Have we talked about Eleanor Hayden before? I found a 1930 US census record for a Hayden family living at 626 Arsenal Street in Watertown. They were paying $30/month rent, and they had a radio. 41 year old John J Hayden was a machinist at the US Arsenal. His father was from Ireland; his mother was from Canada. His wife Mary was 37 - both her parents were born in Ireland. John and Mary had 3 children - 10 year old John T and 8 year old Eleanor were going to school - M Claire was just 2.
In the 1935 Watertown Street Directory the Haydens were living at 15 Green Street - John is a machinist.
The red icon shows Green Street where both Eleanor Hayden and my mother lived - Eleanor at #15 and my mother across the street at #6. No wonder they were friends!
The Green house on the left is #19 Green St. The house on the right is #7 on the left side and #5 on the right side. So I am not sure which was #15 - maybe the buildings were re-numbered. I don't know if it was Perkins School for the Blind or another non-profit that used these 2 houses as group homes when I was living down the street on Main Street.
In 1940 the Haydens owned their home at 127 Fayette Street in Watertown. The house was worth $3500. Unfortunately, Mary was listed as the head of the family - she was a 47 year old widow. She had completed high school. John was now 20 - he completed high school - he was a manager in a bank and made $623 in 1939. 18 year old Eleanor finished high school and was working as a typist for - does that say motion picture equipment? 12 year old Claire and 6 year old Margo (? sp) are in school. The family lived in Watertown in 1935 but not in this house - we just saw that the 1935 Watertown Street Directory had them living at 15 Green Street.
The red icon shows 127 Fayette Street - about 2 blocks away from Green Street across Main Street.
127 Fayette Street is the house behind the tree unfortunately.
Another view of the house.
I found a WWII draft registration for Eleanor's brother John who danced with my mother in Hovey Memorial Hall.
John Francis Hayden was living at 127 Fayette Street in Watertown. His telephone number was Wat 3299. He was 21 years old and was born in Cambridge on Mar 14, 1920. He was a bank clerk. Mrs Mary E Hayden of 127 Fayette St, Watertown would always know his address. John's employer was the Second National Bank, 111 Franklin St, Boston. A notation on the top of the card states "Cert of Service 2/25/46."
There is also a notation for John Hayden's Army enlistment but no record. He was white, single with dependents - probably his mother and sisters? His rank was a private. He was born in 1920 in Massachusetts. He was an American citizen living in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. He had completed 1 year of college and was working as a bookkeeper or cashier except not as a bank cashier. He enlisted 6 Jan 1943 in Boston. His service number was 31270129. It states Branch: Branch Immaterial - Warrant Officers, USA. Component: Selectees (Enlisted Men.) Source: Civil Life. Height 67 inches; Weight 132 lbs.
I wish there were pictures with these draft registrations and enlistments. I'd like to see who my mother was dancing with! And I wonder if she wrote to him?
Saturday, January 18. "Nothing doing."
Sunday, January 19. "Virginia Robbins' birthday. Madeline & I went up to Gin's this afternoon. I came home & Hannie & I went into Roxbury. Two silly boys were on the bus & we almost died laughing at them. We went to Cronins first (note: this was Aunt Catherine's) & then to Aunt Mary's. It was freezing coming home. We went into about six doorways on the way home. Three boys in a car were trying to pick us up. We finally got home safe."
(My mother and Hannie used to take public transportation into Roxbury to visit the aunts.)
Monday, January 20. "Work again today. It was freezing this morning but Bob gave gave me a ride up. Boy was I glad.
I went to night school tonight. It was still cold but I ran half way so I didn't mind as much.
Came home with Eleanor, Violet and another girl. We went into Mom's & had hot chocolate & doughnuts. It was swell. I forgot my scarf & had to go back after it. One of the fellows said 'You'd forget your head if it wasn't tied on.' I would too."
I wonder who this Bob was who gave my mother a drive to work? Bob Comeau? And who was Violet?
We had sodas in Piccolo's afterwards."
In 1939 there was a theatre in Watertown Square at 45 Galen Street - it is listed at the bottom on the left column.
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